Human Rights Law Course Work - 2128 Words

Human Rights Law Course Work 1.0 Introduction The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Convention’) stands as the world’s most successful legal instrument and foundation for international legal process in the protection of Human Rights. Drafted two months after the founding of the Council of Europe, in the aftermath of the atrocities of World War II, it was fundamental to the future and stability of the region to introduce Human Rights in a document able to bring peace, unity and accountability. This was articulated at the conference of the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity where the delegates stated: We desire a Charter of Human Rights guaranteeing liberty of thought, assembly and expression as well as the right to form political opposition; we desire a Court of Justice with adequate sanctions for the implementation of this charter. The subject of this paper is on Article 3 of the Convention, a ‘cardinal axiom’ of International Human Rights Law, in the sense that it provides the absolute and non-derogable right, which states ‘no one shall be subject to torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment’. The prohibition of torture goes far beyond just written international law and has also been manifested as jus cogens and acknowledged as a fundamental peremptory norm of general international law. The absolute nature of this right is however not an expressShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights : Universal And Inalienable Rights919 Words   |  4 Pagesthat all humans are entitled to universal and inalienable rights. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 1 best, explains what universal human rights are by stating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity rights. (Articles of the UN Universal Declaration, International Law: United for Human Rights.) , and while all persons are entitled to these rights there are many throughout out the world who are suffering due to the fact their human rights are beingRead MorePlanning Team Will Be Made Up Of David E Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesKarban will be representing the Advocates for Human Rights, Ms. Bettis-Eddie will be representing the community, and Ms. Redrick will be representing our University sponsors. The planning team will also include a legal counsel, a chief financial officer, and police envoy to aid in security for the event. Program Description and Target Audience As previously stated, this program is a dual learning program targeting asylum seeking immigrants and recent law school graduates. The general purpose of theRead MoreWorking With Refugees And Displaced Persons902 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious education and community development work in a serious of refugee and internationally displaced camps (IDP) on the border of China and Myanmar. I have also done work with displaced persons in Morocco when I studied abroad in my internship at a local nonprofit that provided courses and basic life necessities for displaced persons. Finally, I have experience working with asylum seekers during my field placement at Bronx Legal Services and in my work as an advisory board member of my undergraduateRead MoreAnnual Law Review Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 29 the Career Development Office will be bringing you Colorado Springs Mayor John Suthers. Mayor Suthers is a former attorney general of Colorado and a former U.S. attorney for Colorado and he is sure to have excellent career advice. The annual Law Review Symposium is always a major event, and the keynote speaker will be the Hon. Tom Hardiman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Judge Hardiman is a great supporter of our students and has hired clerks from NDLS. On November 21,Read MoreMedia Law in Australia1303 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Law in Australia Objective The objective of this work in writing is to examine media law in Australia and to answer the question of whether journalists should receive protection against revealing their sources in court. This work will discuss the merits of each side of the argument. Introduction Journalists are reported to be susceptible to being jailed for refusing to reveal their sources in court while simultaneously, journalist complain they are denied access to information, particularlyRead MoreLaw Personal Statement797 Words   |  4 PagesLaw has always been of great interest to me. My curiosity of the subject stems from younger years which consisted of frequent visits to the Courthouse in Dublin to see my Uncle and Aunt, a barrister and high court judge respectively, in action. Since then I have felt drawn to a life of in the legal system. Information I received at a careers open day I attended in fifth year outlined the new skills I would acquire and vast career opportunities available following a degree in law. This confirmed forRead MoreEssay on Becoming A Lawyer1750 Words   |  7 Pagessteps in order to be on the right path in order to become a lawyer. While attaining a degree in your undergraduate studies, you must select a major that will be of some assistance and relevance to your particular law career. For example, if you want to be a corporate lawyer, you should major in business or if you want to be a judge, you should major in political science. After attaining your degree in your chosen major, you must attend law school. American Law schools are very expensive,Read MoreThe Problem Of Police Enforcement1149 Words   |  5 Pagesscrutiny throughout the course of United States history – most exclusively the past decade. As a country, we categorize law enforcement in two distinct categories: brutal or helpful; we fail to consider similarities between the two categories, and we ultimately fail to classify law enforcement as humans. The philosophy of establishing a distinct code of law dates back to the genesis of America. The constitution established three branches of government that parallels the law code – legislative, executiveRead MoreImpact Of Public Health Of Domestic Violence847 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence against women also has a high economic cost in this country. The consequence of implemented laws as Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) in 1994 does not reduce the domestic violence issues in the recent studies. The analysis of the the domestic violence policy has improved the program developments, enforced the criminal justice sentences, and designed the new guidelines in federal laws. Historically, in the federal level, Congress signed the Crime Bill, enacted legislation empowering theRead MoreEssay about Elements of a Common Ethics Program, A List of Elements794 Words   |  4 Pagesactions. Never make false or lying statements to anyone. 2) Integrity- Make sure to do the right ethically and legally. 3) Fairness- This company has an anti-bullying code of ethics. We do not allow anyone to intimidate or threaten anyone. 4) Communication- As any company we work as a team. Follow the ethics program as it describes ways to act, from reaching out to your supervisor or using the company’s human resource department. This ethics program is to be followed and obligatory for all employees

Crisis Counseling Research Paper - 1237 Words

Assessing Potential for Performing Effective Crisis Counseling This paper evaluates my potential for crisis intervention counseling by applying scholarly peer-reviewed articles and information from James and Gilliland’s (2017) textbook for how burnout, Vicarious Traumatization, and Compassion Fatigue affect crisis workers. It also incorporates considerations for how countertransference, Secondary Traumatic Stress, Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, and compassion satisfaction may either complicate or enhance effectiveness. The conclusion suggests mitigating factors for concerns which could impede effectiveness matched to my needs. The following definitions apply within the assessment: †¢ Burnout involves environmental and organizational†¦show more content†¦In effect, the cognitive changes for the counselor may result in positive changes. †¢ Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), similar to VT, is â€Å"the natural, consequent behaviors and emotions resulting from knowledge about a traumatizing event experienced by a significant other† (Bercier Maynard, n.d., p. 81); with PTSD characteristics as opposed to cognitive ones (Turgoose Maddox, 2017). †¢ Countertransference comprises â€Å"the attributing to the client, by the crisis worker, of traits and behaviors of past and present significant others or events in the crisis workers own life† (James Gilliland, 2017, p. 554); differentiated as a temporary action related to working with a specific client as opposed to the potential long-term psychological changes in counselors from CF, VT, and/or STS. Qualities/Characteristics and Experiences Potentially Affecting Me My drive and passion for becoming a counselor comes from desire to build a legacy for helping others by applying my empathic and caring nature developed as a manager-coach throughout my career. Events, some traumatic, formed a cognitive understanding for dealing with situations and growing professionally and personally. As a hiring manager for over 20 years and a small business and career coach for over 7 years, I experienced immense compassion satisfaction from working with hundreds of employees and clients. Upon retirement, I furthered myShow MoreRelatedLegal Ethical Issues with Advertising and Online Counseling1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe field of counseling, phones, fax machines, copiers, and computers are all used to run everyday operations and transfer information. Despite how great technology can be, ethical issues can arise because of it. For example, talking on the phone with a client in a crisis situation can create a condition in which confidentiality can be breeched. ( McMinn, 1999). One new way in which technology has been used to extend the services of the counseling field is through online counseling. According toRead MoreDoes Counseling Overlook Glbt Students Needs? Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Counseling Overlook GLBT Students’ Needs? Ryan M. Bruce Research Methods in Public Administration PADM 6130 – 95 Kyujin Jung â€Æ' Does Counseling Overlook GLBT Students’ Needs? This paper offers a research proposal to deal with the topic of counseling homosexual students. Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals (GLBT) attended school at some point in their lives. Its main concern is how school counselors approach the needs of these students. This paper seeks to establish if counselorsRead MoreUsing the Triage Assessment Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages  COUN5238 – Crisis Assessment and Intervention 15879 Willoughby Lane Ft. Myers, FL 33905 239-694-4205 Tlane12@capellauniversity.edu Professor: Dr. Jamison Law Abstract This paper will discuss the case of Ariadne; it will summarize the diagnostic skills and techniques used to screen for addiction, aggression, and danger to self and others, as well as co-occurring mental disorders during a crisis, disaster, or other trauma-causing event. It will evaluate the key elements of the crisis, disasterRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1368 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy Paper Keisha Lucas BSHS/352 April 8, 2013 Professor Kari Siemieniewski Online Therapy Paper Online Therapy is a service that helps people to obtain therapeutic services through an online database that is ran by a therapist or a group of therapists, who are in charge of the website. Therapeutic websites are very helpful for someone who isn’t able to get to an office setting to have face-to-face sessions. They are extremely convenient because one can have counseling sessions inRead MoreA Brief Note On Counseling And Family Counseling1271 Words   |  6 PagesCounseling Specialty Marriage and Family Counseling Focusing on Minuchin s Structural Family Therapy Bridget G. Cleveland The University of Memphis Authors Note: This paper was prepared for the introduction course 4611: Counseling, taught by Instructor Hatcher. Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy of Marriage and Family According to Nugent and Jones (2009), Marriage and family counseling began between the 1940 s and 1950 s, but officially became a profession in the late 1970’s andRead MoreBenefits Of Using Taking Care Of The Self Or Self Sufficiencies Approaches That Encourage Therapist Physical And Psychological Wellbeing1573 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Assessment Paper The Bradley, Whisenhunt, Adamson, and Kress, (2013) study suggest that utilizing taking care of the self or self-sufficiencies approaches that encourage therapist physical and psychological wellbeing and averts burnout and damage. When therapists are compromised, they have a weaker capability to deliver the proper attention to their patients (Bradley et al, 2013). Therapists perform at their best when their mental and physical health is met; furthermore, they are capableRead MoreThe Scope Of Competency For Counseling Psychologists1131 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper explores the difference between the scope of practice and the scope of competency of psychology subfields. This paper also elaborates on examples of professional fields in relation to scope of practice and scope of competency. Included research helps identify and elaborate more specifically on counseling psychologists and how the code of ethics is applied. The scope of practice for counseling psychologists includes helping individuals explore and recognize his/her strengths andRead MoreCrisis Intervention Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesCrisis intervention is emergency first aid for mental health (Ehly, 1986). In this paper, I intend to show you a brief overview of what crisis intervention is, describe what school psychologists do and summarize the steps they may use to identify, assess, and intervene with an individual experiencing crisis. What is crisis intervention? Crisis intervention involves three components: 1) the crisis, the perception of an unmanageable situation; 2) the individual or group in crisis; and 3) the helperRead MoreCounseling: Mental Health Counselor1320 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿U03A1_ COUNSELING SPECIALIZATIONS AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAMS_ARezendes Resilience, an Evolving Concept: A Review of Literature Relevant to Aboriginal Research Resilience, an Evolving Concept: A Review of Literature Relevant to Aboriginal Research Abstract In this paper, I will discuss the history of counseling; specifically how school counseling and mental health counseling came to be. I will also examine the key philosophies of the counseling profession including, wellness, resilience, andRead MoreExploring A Specific Crisis Situations1282 Words   |  6 Pages Exploring a Specific Crisis Situations The Story of Melody Shandi Gerkin Thomas University Exploring a Specific Crisis Situation: The Story of Melody In order to explore how a crisis worker would approach, assess, and treat a crisis situation, this paper will focus on the story of Melody, the victim of a brutal rape. Melody Swanson is a 50 year old, divorced teacher who has been living alone since her children went to college two months ago. Melody

I Shall Not Pass This Way Again Analysis free essay sample

There are no â€Å"second chances,† meaning that if you make mistakes in this life, you cannot make them up in another life. Then in the second sentence, â€Å"Any good things, therefore, that I can do, any good kindness that I can show a fellow being, let me do it now,† states that any good thing that you can do to others, do it now. Do not delay in doing good, because you never know when your time will come. As a Catholic, Grellet believed in life after death, and to get into heaven, one must have lived a good life. You must not pass opportunities because those opportunities will not be there forever. In the third and final sentence, â€Å"Let me not defer or neglect it, for I shall not pass this way again,† it states again that you should not ignore an opportunity to do good and emphasizes once more that â€Å"I shall not pass this way again. We will write a custom essay sample on I Shall Not Pass This Way Again Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † He restates, adding emphasis, that we only have one life to live, and in that life, we should not waste the opportunities to do good. It was Aesop that said â€Å"No act of kindness, no matter how small, is ever wasted,† and Mother Teresa said â€Å"Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless. † Kind acts are never a waste, even if it takes your attention off of material things like money and fortune. The smallest acts, or even words, although easy to do, can spread like an echo and create a chain reaction, making others do other good deeds. Although short, this poem has a powerful and well known meaning, like the two quotes. One should not pass the opportunities to help others and to do good. I agree, and I think everyone else agrees, that if an opportunity to do good is presented right in front of you, you would do it. You should not ignore or neglect an opportunity for it might not happen again. And because we only have one life to live, the acts we commit cannot be solved in another life. This is the only life we have, and we should use it to help others and to share our goodness. â€Å"I Shall not Pass this Way Again†: I expect to pass through this world but once. Any good things, therefore, that I can do, Any good kindness that I can show a fellow being, Let me do it now. Let me not defer or neglect it, For I shall not pass this way again. Imitation: â€Å"I expect to travel through this life only once, Any good deed, therefore, that I can do, Any kindness that I can share to my fellow man, Let me perform it now. Let me postpone not or do it not, For I shall not live this life again. †

Tg-BRAF transgenic mice Essay Example

Tg-BRAF transgenic mice Essay Molecular dissection of papillose thyroid malignant neoplastic disease patterned advance to ill differentiated carcinoma in Tg-BRAF transgenic mice: Evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal passage and designation of campaigner tracts. Abstraction Mice ( Tg-BRAF ) with thyroid-specific look of oncogenic BRAF ( BRAFV600E ) develop papillose thyroid malignant neoplastic diseases ( PTC ) by 3 hebdomads of age. At 5 months gt ; 90 % of PTCs are locally invasive, and ~50 % have well-defined focal point of ill differentiated carcinoma ( PDTC ) . To look into the PTC-PDTC patterned advance in Tg-BRAF mice, we performed a microarray analysis utilizing RNA prepared from cells collected by optical maser gaining control microdissection from mated samples of PDTC and well-differentiated PTC from the same animate being. Analysis of 8 mated samples hybridized to a Operon microarray with a 35473 oligo denseness found 98 cistrons with consistent look alterations between PTC and PDTC in at least 7 of the 8 paired samples. EASE analysis indicated that cistrons involved in cell adhesion and intracellular junctions were significantly represented, with alterations consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal passage ( EMT ) . Decreased look of E-cad herin and desmocollin 2 and increased look of procollagen and vimentin, all of which are trademarks of EMT, were observed in at least 7 of 8 PDTC focal point. The upregulation of vimentin in PDTC focal point was confirmed by IHC. There were no consistent look alterations in LEF/TCF or in the snail household, proposing that the Wnt and sonic porcupine tracts are non involved in the initiation of EMT, or in patterned advance to PDTC. By contrast, increased look of PDGF-B and/or D was found in all 8 PDTC focal point. As TGF?I look is increased in the thyroids of the Tg-BRAF mice, these informations are consistent with a function for a TGF?-activated autocrine cringle affecting PDGF in EMT. Decreased E-cadherin has besides been observed in human BRAFV600E positive anaplastic carcinomas, proposing that thyroid malignant neoplastic disease patterned advance in worlds may besides affect EMT. Pathways modulating this passage may be of biological and curative involvement. Introduction The BRAFT1799A mutant is the most common familial alteration in PTC. It is non found in any other signifier of well-differentiated follicular tumor ( 1 ) . BRAF mutants can happen early in development of PTC, as they are present in microscopic PTCs ( 2 ) . Most ( 2,3 ) , but non all ( 4 ) , surveies show that PTCs with BRAF mutants present more frequently with extrathyroidal invasion and at a more advanced phase. Tall cell discrepancy PTCs, regarded as more aggressive, have a really high prevalence of BRAF mutant ( 2 ) . Undifferentiated or anaplastic carcinomas originating from preexisting PTCs have a important prevalence of BRAF mutants, whereas those originating from preexisting follicular carcinoma do non ( 2,5 ) . These informations show that BRAF mutants may be an alternate tumor-initiating event in PTC, and that PTCs with this genotype probably carry a worse forecast. The function of oncogenic BRAF as a tumor-initiating event has been confirmed in mice with overexpression of B -RafV600E targeted to thyroid cells by agencies of the thyroglobulin ( Tg ) cistron booster ( 6 ) . Tg-BRAFV600E mice develop PTCs with high penetrance early in life, and advancement to dedifferentiation, capsular and microvascular invasion, corroborating many of the characteristics found in the human tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animate beings: We will write a custom essay sample on Tg-BRAF transgenic mice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tg-BRAF transgenic mice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tg-BRAF transgenic mice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Creation and initial word picture of the Tg-BRAF2 ( mice with thyroid-specific look of BRAFV600E ) have been described ( 6 ) . Mice were house in. All described processs were approved by the institutional carnal commission. Thyroid aggregation and optical maser gaining control. Animals were euthanized with CO2 and thyroids collected and instantly frozen in OTC. Frozen subdivisions were stained with H A ; E and examined by diagnostician ( YN ) for WD and PD malignant neoplastic disease. Twelve consecutive subdivisions ( 7.5 millimeter ) were taken from parts found to hold a PD focal point. The consecutive subdivisions were stained with HistoGeneTM LCM Frozen Section Staining Kit ( Arcturus Bioscience, Inc. , Mountain View, CA ) and cells from PD focal point and a representative part of WD malignant neoplastic disease were isolated utilizing the artsus Arcturus PixCell II optical maser gaining control microscope System. RNA was isolated from the optical maser captured cells utilizing PicoPureTM RNA Isolation Kit Kit ( Arcturus Bioscience, Inc. , Mountain View, CA ) and so subjected to 2 unit of ammunition messenger RNA elaboration utilizing the messageAMP RNA elaboration kit ( Ambion, Austin, TX ) . Microarray analysis. The mouse 70-mer oligonucleotide library version? ? ? consists of? ? ? optimized oligos ( Qiagen ) and was arrayed and printed as antecedently outlined. The complete cistron lists can be viewed at? ? ? . Fluorescence-labeled complementary DNA were synthesized from amplied RNA utilizing an indirect amino allyl labeling method via an oligo ( dT ) -primed, change by reversal RNA polymerase reaction. The complementary DNA were labeledAmplified RNA was with monofunctional reactive cyanine-3 and cyanine-5 dyes ( Cy3 and Cy5 ; Amersham, Piscataway, NJ ) . Pairwise hybridisations were done between labeled complementary DNA matching to unstimulated versus doxycycline-treated cells for each of the cell lines and clip points. In add-on, to increase the statistical power of the experiment, paired hybridisations were done to compare look between cell lines at the same clip points before or after oncoprotein activation. Detailss of hybridisation and rinsing conditions can be found at? ? ? . Imagin g and informations coevals were carried out utilizing a GenePix 4000A and GenePix 4000B ( Axon Instruments, Union City, CA ) and associated package from Axon Instruments, Inc. ( Foster City, CA ) . The microarray slides were scanned with double optical masers with wavelength frequences to excite Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence emittance. Images were captured in JPEG and TIFF files, and DNA musca volitanss were captured by the adaptative circle cleavage method. Information extraction for a given topographic point is based on the average value for the signal pels minus the average value for the background pels to bring forth a cistron set informations file for all the DNA musca volitanss. The Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence signal strengths were normalized. Data standardization was done in two stairss for each microarray individually ( 19-21 ) . First, background-adjusted strengths were log transformed, and the differences ( R ) and norms ( A ) of logtransformed values were calculated as R = log2 ( X1 ) log2 ( X2 ) and A = [ log2 ( X1 ) + log2 ( X2 ) ] / 2, where X1 and X2 denote the Cy5 and Cy3 strengths after deducting local backgrounds, severally. Second, informations focus was done by suiting the array-specific local arrested development theoretical account of R as a map of A. The difference between the ascertained log-ratio and the corresponding fitted value represented the normalized log-transformed cistron look ratio. The statistical analysis was done for each cistron individually by suiting a mixed-effects additive theoretical account. Premises about theoretical account variables are the same as described in mention ( 7 ) , with array effects assumed to be random and intervention and dye effects assumed to be fixed. Statistical significance of differential look was assessed by ciphering Ps and seting for multiple hypotheses proving by ciphering false find rates ( 8 ) . Estimates of fold alteration were besides calculated. Data standardization and statistical analyses were done utilizing SAS statistical package bundle ( SAS Institute, Inc. , Cary, NC ) . Gene note was supplemented with human and mouse homologues for unknown oligos. Immunohistochemistry: Animals were euthanized with CO2 and thyroids collected and instantly placed in 4 % PFA. After 24 hours they thyroids were placed in 70 % ethyl alcohol and embedded in. ? ? ? was? . Consecutive subdivisions from part found to incorporate a PD focal point were? ? ? and incubated with indicated antidbodies. Immunoreactive was detected by incubating with and? Consequence Gene look profile of WD and PD thyroid malignant neoplastic diseases from Tg-BRAF mice: Tg-BRAF2 mice develop PTC by 3 hebdomads of age and by 12 hebdomads of the animate beings had locally invasive PTC and about 50 % had focal countries of PDTC ( 6 ) . The PDTC were identified by a solid growing pattern incorporating fusiform cells ( Fig 1A ) . Extra verification that the focal point were PDTC was provided by an increased figure of mitotic ( Fig 1B ) and Ki67 positive cells ( Fig 1C ) every bit good as the presence of necrotic/apoptosis cells ( Fig 1C ) . To place cistron look alterations involved in the passage from the WD PTC to the PDTC we used LCM to insulate cells from from 8 alone ill differentiated focal point and a representative country of WD PTC from the same Tg-BRAF2 mice. RNA was isolated from the optical maser captured cells, amplified, labeled with Cy5 or Cy3 and hybridized to operon? ? ? bit. This identified? ? ? cistrons with important look alterations ( P lt ; 0.05 , FDR lt ; 0.1 ) and of these? ? ? had an look alterations that was greater 1.5 crease. There were? ? ? cistrons merchandises that decreased and? ? ? that increased. To place signaling tracts that may intercede or lend to these look changes we used EASE analysis to compare our informations set to the Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. This found that cistrons involved in tight junction, ? ? and where significantly represented in the PDTC information set. Closer scrutiny indicated that that cistrons involved in tight juntction and cell contact were decreased, while the intermediate filament cistron increased in look ( Table 2 ) . These alterations are consistent with an EMT. To corroborate cells in the PDTC had undergone EMT a 2nd set of thyroids from Tg-BRAF2 animate being were IHC stained for E-cadherin and vimentin, hall Markss of EMT. tracts Mentions 1. Kimura ET, Nikiforova MN, Zhu Z, Knauf JA, Nikiforov YE, Fagin JA. High Prevalence of BRAF Mutations in Thyroid Cancer: Familial Evidence for Constitutive Activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF Signaling Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2003 ; 63:1454-7. 2. Nikiforova MN, Kimura ET, Gandhi M, et Al. BRAF Mutations in Thyroid Tumors Are Restricted to Papillary Carcinomas and Anaplastic or Ill Differentiated Carcinomas Arising from Papillary Carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 ; 88:5399-404. 3. Xing M, Westra WH, Tufano RP, et Al. BRAF Mutation Predicts a Poorer Clinical Prognosis for Papillary Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 ; . 4. Puxeddu E, Moretti S, Elisei R, et Al. BRAF ( V599E ) mutant is the taking familial event in grownup sporadic papillose thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004 ; 89:2414-20. 5. Namba H, Nakashima M, Hayashi T, et Al. Clinical deduction of hot topographic point BRAF mutant, V599E, in papillose thyroid malignant neoplastic diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 ; 88:4393-7. 6. Knauf JA, Ma X, Smith EP, et Al. Targeted look of BRAFV600E in thyroid cells of transgenic mice consequences in papillose thyroid malignant neoplastic diseases that undergo dedifferentiation. Cancer Res 2005 ; 65:4238-45. 7. Wolfinger RD, Gibson G, Wolfinger ED, et Al. Measuring cistron significance from complementary DNA microarray look informations via assorted theoretical accounts. J Comput Biol 2001 ; 8:625-37. 8. Reiner A, Yekutieli D, Benjamini Y. Identifying differentially expressed cistrons utilizing false find rate commanding processs. Bioinformatics 2003 ; 19:368-75.

Culture Shock Example

Culture Shock Example Culture Shock – Coursework Example Culture Shock 10 November, Culture shock occurs when a different country’s culture runs against the American culture (Knell, 2012). Shock occurs when different cultures collide. The Filipino culture differs from our United States culture. Understanding and accepting other cultures is good for everyone.Example of Culture Shock. I was culture shocked when I conversed with a Filipino acquaintance. There are many Filipinos who have immigrated to our United States. The Filipino acquaintance impressed on me how they treat their elders. Filipino children take care of their parents (Hargraves, 2009). How my personal assumptions were challenged. My prior personal assumptions about how the other nationalities live were fruitfully challenged. I initially thought that other cultures should be replaced by American culture. After talking to the Filipino acquaintance, my personal assumptions of how people should treat their elderly changed. The Filipino family takes care of their elderly fol ks. They do not bring their elderly to the home for the aged (Halkias, 2011). What I learned about my own beliefs. I have learned to respect and accept the Filipino culture. I learned that the American culture on how to take care of the elderly is not the only preferred model (Bryan, 2010). Now, I understand why they hold on to their culture of taking care of their elderly folks (Samovar, 2009). Summarizing, culture shock occurs between people of different nations. Different countries uphold different cultures. The Filipino elderly culture show close family relationships. Overwhelmingly, comprehending and accepting other cultures beneficial shocked me to have an open mind.References:Bryan, N. (2010). Filipino Americans. New York: ABDO Press.Halkias, D. (2011). Father-daughter Succession in Family Business. New York: Gower Press.Hargraves, O. (2009). Culture shock! A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. New York: Marshall Cavendish Press.Knell, M. (2012). Survivin the Culture Sh ock. New York: Intervarsity Press.Samovar, L. (2009). Communication Between Cultures. New York: Cengage Learning Press.

Electron Transport Chain and Energy Production

Electron Transport Chain and Energy Production In cellular biology, the electron transport chain is one of the steps in your cells processes that make energy from the foods you eat.   It is the third step of aerobic cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the term for how your bodys cells make energy from food consumed. The electron transport chain is where most of the energy cells need to operate is generated. This chain is actually a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules within the inner membrane of cell mitochondria, also known as the cells powerhouse. Oxygen is required for  aerobic respiration  as the chain terminates with the donation of electrons to oxygen.   Key Takeaways: Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes and electron carrier molecules within the inner membrane of mitochondria that generate ATP for energy.Electrons are passed along the chain from protein complex to protein complex until they are donated to oxygen. During the passage of electrons, protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space.The accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space creates an electrochemical gradient that causes protons to flow down the gradient and back into the matrix through ATP synthase. This movement of protons provides the energy for the production of ATP.The electron  transport chain is the third step of aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are the first two steps of cellular respiration. How Energy Is Made As electrons move along a chain, the movement or momentum is used to create  adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the main source of energy for many cellular processes including muscle contraction and cell division. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a organic chemical that provides energy for cell. ttsz / iStock / Getty Images Plus Energy is released during cell metabolism when ATP is hydrolyzed. This happens when electrons are passed along the chain from protein complex to protein complex until they are donated to oxygen forming water.  ATP chemically decomposes to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by reacting with water. ADP is in turn used to synthesize ATP. In more detail, as electrons are passed along a chain from protein complex to protein complex, energy is released and hydrogen ions (H) are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix (compartment within the inner  membrane) and into the intermembrane space (compartment between the inner and outer membranes). All this activity creates both a chemical gradient (difference in solution concentration) and an electrical gradient (difference in charge) across the inner membrane. As more H  ions are pumped into the intermembrane space, the higher concentration of  hydrogen atoms  will build up and flow back to the matrix simultaneously powering the production of ATP by the protein complex ATP synthase. ATP synthase uses the energy generated from the movement of H  ions into the matrix for the conversion of ADP to ATP. This process of oxidizing molecules to generate energy for the production of ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation. The First Steps of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. normaals / iStock / Getty Images Plus The first step of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the splitting of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of the chemical compound pyruvate. In all, two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH (high energy, electron carrying molecule) are generated. The second step, called the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle, is when pyruvate is transported across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is further oxidized in the Krebs cycle producing two more molecules of ATP, as well as NADH and FADH 2 molecules. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to the third step of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain. Protein Complexes in the Chain There are four protein complexes  that are part of the electron transport chain that functions to pass electrons down the chain. A fifth protein complex serves to transport hydrogen ions back into the matrix. These complexes are embedded within the inner mitochondrial membrane.   Illustration of electron transport chain with oxidative phosphorylation. extender01 / iStock / Getty Images Plus Complex I NADH transfers two electrons to Complex I resulting in four H ions being pumped across the inner membrane. NADH is oxidized to NAD, which is recycled back into the Krebs cycle. Electrons are transferred from Complex I to a carrier molecule ubiquinone (Q), which is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2). Ubiquinol carries the electrons to Complex III. Complex II FADH2 transfers electrons to Complex II and the electrons are passed along to ubiquinone (Q). Q is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2), which carries the electrons to Complex III. No H ions are transported to the intermembrane space in this process. Complex III The passage of electrons to Complex III drives the transport of four more H ions across the inner membrane. QH2 is oxidized and electrons are passed to another electron carrier protein cytochrome C. Complex IV Cytochrome C passes electrons to the final protein complex in the chain, Complex IV. Two H ions are pumped across the inner membrane. The electrons are then passed from Complex IV to an oxygen (O2) molecule, causing the molecule to split. The resulting oxygen atoms quickly grab H ions to form two molecules of water. ATP Synthase ATP synthase moves H ions that were pumped out of the matrix by the electron transport chain back into the matrix. The energy from the influx of protons into the matrix is used to generate ATP by the phosphorylation (addition of a phosphate) of ADP. The movement of ions across the selectively permeable mitochondrial membrane and down their electrochemical gradient is called chemiosmosis. NADH generates more ATP than FADH2. For every NADH molecule that is oxidized, 10 H ions are pumped into the intermembrane space. This yields about three ATP molecules. Because FADH2 enters the chain at a later stage (Complex II), only six H ions are transferred to the intermembrane space. This accounts for about two ATP molecules. A total of 32 ATP molecules are generated in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Sources Electron Transport in the Energy Cycle of the Cell. HyperPhysics, hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/etrans.html.Lodish, Harvey, et al. Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th Edition., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2000, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21528/.

Why is the term recruitment often used incorrectly What is the correct Assignment

Why is the term recruitment often used incorrectly What is the correct term and expand on the whole process for filling a job vacancy - Assignment Example It seems that the correct use of the term recruitment is a prerequisite for the development of effective recruitment plans. On the other hand, problems in filling a job vacancy are difficult to be avoided. If the term ‘recruitment’ is used in its correct meaning it can ensure the limitation of severe failures in the recruitment process. There are many reasons for the incorrect use of the term recruitment. According to D’Annunzio-Green, managers tend to use incorrectly the term ‘recruitment’ when they are not aware of their organization’s culture (107). It is further explained that managers who are new in the organization and who have the responsibility for designing or developing the recruitment process can make severe mistakes mostly because they are not aware of their organization’s culture and goals (D’Annunzio-Green 107). The above risk can be avoided by offering to managers a period of time for understanding the organization’s culture. Foot and Hook give a different explanation for the appearance of wrong use of the term recruitment in organizations. According to the above researchers, in many organizations tasks related to recruitment are assigned to managers who are not appropriately specialized (Foot and Hook 40). Reference is made, for example, to the line managers who are often asked to take part in the design or the development of the recruitment process without having relevant experience (Foot and Hook 40). The fact that line managers may be aware of their organization’s culture (D’Annunzio-Green 107) does not give them the competency for being involved in the recruitment process. The responsibility of managers for the wrong use of the term ‘recruitment’ in modern organizations is also highlighted in the study of Taylor, Doherty and McGraw. In the above study it is made clear that mistakes during the recruitment process are quite common in firms

American Koreans vs Korean Americans Research Paper

American Koreans vs Korean Americans - Research Paper Example Earlier migrants were mostly concentrated in Hawaii and were recruited to work in sugarcane fields in Hawaii region. Over the period of time, regional dispersion of Koreans increased throughout the mainland. From 1990 to 2000, concentration of Korean Americans was mostly in Georgia (Suarez-Orozco, Suarez-Orozco and Qin-Hilliard 192). Pre and Post 1965 wave of immigrants from Korea was associated with particular industries such as retail stores, nail salons, travel agencies, liquor stores etc. Most of such industries were labor intensive in nature; however, the major reason of why Koreans engaged into such labor intensive industries was to create better opportunities for their children to get into better schools (Choi 55). American Koreans however, is a very small group comprising those who were either defectors or were taken as prisoners during the war in Korea (Hastings 35). This group is relatively small; however, it is significant in the sense that it also represents dual cultures of America and Korea. What is critical to note also that some of the POWs were taken by China from North Korea, indicating involvement of multiple players in redefining the overall future and cultural identity of this new group. Most of the POWs were largely influenced by the Chinese ideology. As such, both groups have now developed their distinct and separate identity and political ideologies. Their distinct cultural identity is considered as an important way through which they actually separate themselves from other groups, and this also reflects their overall perceptions for admission process. This paper will discuss this, and it will also explore how American Koreans and Korean Americans actually carry the overall cultural identity for their admissions. 1. Cultural Identity and Admission Process Having students from countries where English is not a dominant language or students belonging to different cultural groups always raises certain important political as well as cultural issues. Universities require declaration of ethnic origin of the students and gaps have been observed in the admission scores of Asian and White students. Universities like Vanderbilt publically announced to increase the number of Jews students over a certain period of time however, ignore to take into consideration more able Asian students with better SAT and other scores. (Golden 69) Conflict theory, however, suggests that admission exams are often culturally biased and are made in such a way that only members from dominant groups can get admission into such universities as well as colleges. It is also critical to note that most of the American-Koreans have actually failed to get into the inner and deeper level of American society. This cultural aloofness therefore also reflects how American Koreans actually perceive the overall admission process. The monolithic and historical representation of Asian American students in universities has largely remained unstable. The race based c haracterization of the students not only remained contextual in nature but also shaped by multiple motives. (Hurh 65) Applying this theory on the American Koreans clearly suggests that American universities have certain preferences. The overall tests are designed in such a manner that only people belonging to certain ethnic and cultural groups are able to get through the admission process. Most of those who attend the church with me feel strongly that admission process is developed in a manner that favors certain groups, and despite all the merit and skills required to get into top universities, not many American Koreans are able to get through this. (Kibria, 30) There have been significant decisions by universities such as Yale and Harvard wherein minimum SAT scores

The Progressive Movement Essay Example for Free

The Progressive Movement Essay Some forms of progressive movement are progressivism which embraces the widespread of many sided efforts to build a better society; scientific investigation the studies by the federal government of immigration; child labor; economic practices and social research by privately funded foundation; academic expertise to have the skills and knowledge about the problems America was facing during the 1900; pragmatism which judged ideas by their consequences; and muckraker journalists who exposed the underside of American life. During this time there were no agreed upon agenda’s nor were there any unifying organizations. Both the Republican and Democratic parties had progressive elements which caused each group to interact with different social groups with different views. This period was the beginning of the analysis of human activity which offered solutions to waste, inefficiency in municipal government, schools, hospitals and homes. Scientific management thought Frederick W. Taylor, could solve the problems of the United States social ills that arise from our acts of ill-directed, or inefficient. Scientific management was an American invention which made America feels like a part of the transatlantic world. Also, the social politics overseas was much more advanced than the United States which made the Americans feel like we have fallen behind. America was no longer the leader in teaching how democracy worked but was learning about democracy from other countries. The main objective was to resist ways of thinking that discouraged purposeful action. Social Darwinists beliefs that society developed according to fixed and unchanging laws was wrong. William James, Harvard philosopher said it is foolish to speak of the â€Å"laws of history† like it is inevitable, which science only has to discover and which anyone can then  foretell and observe, but do nothing to alter or avert. Progressives prided themselves on being tough minded, and on being experts on making things happen. But they were not indifferent to the moral grounds for reform. Progressives were considered to be unabashed idealists. Progressive leaders characteristically grew up in homes imbued with evangelical piety. Many went through a religious crisis, ultimately settling on a career in social work, education, or politics where religious striving might be translated into secular action. Some of the players in there reforms were Jane Adams taken up settlement-house work believing by uplifting the poor, she would herself be uplifted: she would experience â€Å"the joy of finding Christ† by acting â€Å"in fellowship† with the needy. Lincoln Steffen article is credited with starting a trend about writing about â€Å"the shame of the cities† – the corrupt ties between business and political machines. Ida Tarbell attached the Standard Oil monopoly, and David Graham Phillips told how money controlled the Senate William Hard exposed industrial accidents in â€Å"Making Steel and Killing Men† (1907) and child labor in â€Å"De Kid Wot Works at Night† (1908). Hardly a sordid corner of American life escaped the scrutiny of these tireless reporters. Theodore Roosevelt, among many thought they went too far. However the muckrakers became attached to the journalists who exposed the underside of American life. There efforts were in fact health giving. More than any other group, the muckrakers called the people to arms. Women progressives shouldered the burden of humanitarian work in American cities. They were the foot soldiers for charity organizations, visiting needy families, assessing their problems, and referring them to relief agencies. Josephine Shaw Lowell of New York City concluded giving assistance to the poor was not enough. She felt it was better to save them before they go under, than to spend your life fishing them out of afterward. The welfare state, insofar as it arrived in America in these years, was what women progressives had made of it: they erected a â€Å"maternalist† welfare system. During the progressive years, scores of settlement houses sprang up in the ghetto of the nation’s cities, serving as community centers and spark plugs for neighborhood reform. Jane Addams led battles for garbage removal, playgrounds, better street lighting, and police protection. The main goals of the Progressive reforms were: 1) To change other people by having them adopt the Progressive vision of middle class behavior and thought. This particularly applied to issues of recreation and leisure, the status of the family, sexual orientation and behavior. Protecting Social Welfare. 2) Toe end class conflict between the â€Å"have’s† (the privileged class) and â€Å"the have less, â€Å"(or have not). Fostering Efficiency. 3) To effect a measure of control over big business. Moral Improvement. Another movement was segregate society into groups, based on occupation (labor, management, etc.) race, sex (laws protecting women insured secondary status in employment), and immigration status. Segregation of the races was seen by Progressives as a method of stabilizing race relationship. Economic Reform. The major players in these reforms were Cleveland, McKinley, T. Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, Harding, and Coolidge all of them were presidents of this era. Their foreign and domestic policies shaped their world and whose policies continue to impact our world. It is amazing how some of the things are still incorporated in our society today. I think the movements were genuine concern for social problems. As a matter of fact because of the some of the progressive movement some people are still reaping the benefits of their labor today. However, I do feel like some of the people that are benefiting from some of the reforms have caused themselves to be control by trying to live off of the system rather than using it as a stepping stone to do better for themselves. References Henertta, James A Brody, David (2010). America A Concise History. Boston NewYork: Bedford/ St. Martin’s

Essay --

Heat Transfer Through Extended Surface 1. Objective To determine the temperature distribution and heat flow along the extended surface and comparing the data with theoretical analysis 2. Equipment Required Heat transfer service unit Extended surface heat transfer accessory Data logging accessory 3. Theory The term extended surface is commonly used to depict an important special case involving heat transfer by conduction within a solid and heat transfer by convection (and/or radiation) from the boundaries of the solid. Extended surfaces are used to increase the surface area and to increase the total rate of heat transfer. A temperature gradient exist between two different temperature surfaces for heat transfer. The temperature distribution along the fin or pin must be known to determine the heat transfer from the surface to its surroundings. Plate fins are mostly used in aircrafts, cryogenic and other industries. By considering the insulated tip extended surface the temperature distribution in terms of hyperbolic function expressed as ÃŽ ¸/ÃŽ ¸Ã¢â€šâ€™ = Cosh[m(b-x)]/ Cosh(mb) (1) Where, ÃŽ ¸ = T(x) - T∞ (⠁ °C) ÃŽ ¸Ã¢â€šâ€™ = To - T∞ (⠁ °C) To = fin base temperature (⠁ ° C) T∞= free stream fluid temperature (⠁ °C) b = fin height (m) x = coordinate (m) m = (4h /k d) ½ (1/m) h = heat transfer coefficient (W/m ² ⠁ °C) k = thermal conductivity of fin (W/m ⠁ °C) d = fin diameter (m) The heat transfer, Q, for a pin fin is found using the relation Q = (h P k A) ½ tanh(m b) (2) Wh... ... 4.5In = 0.1125m Tx = 45.56 ⠁ °C At x = 6In = 0.15m Tx = 44.17 ⠁ °C 5. At 16V, To = 47.2 ⠁ °C , T∞ = 22.78 ⠁ °C Heat Transfer Q = √(hPKA) (To - T∞) tanh(mb) Q = √0.0422 Ã'… (47.2 – 22.78) tanh( 9.01 Ã'… 0.1524) Q = 4.413 W At 25V, To = 67.7 ⠁ °C , T∞ = 22.78 ⠁ °C Heat Transfer Q = √(hPKA) (To - T∞) tanh(mb) Q = √0.0422 Ã'… (67.7 – 22.78) tanh( 9.01 Ã'… 0.1524) Q = 8.1178 W Result 1.The Heat transfer through the fin at supply voltage 25V is approximate double to the heat transfer at supply voltage 16V. 2.As the value of x increases value of Tx decreases continuously. For 16V, For 25V, Conclusion From the experimental result it is shown that as the distance increase from the heat source temperature decreases. Graphs also shows the continuous temperature decrement in the positive x direction.

Comparison between the Great Gatsby and Macbeth Essay

Macbeth is one of Shakespeare’s most intense plays and one his most complex psychological studies. It is also a play about which there is a great deal of historical background, which I think you’ll find interesting because it reveals Shakespeare’s creative process. The play was written in 1605–1606. It’s one of the plays where the date is pretty firmly established by internal references to external events, and most scholars have agreed on the date. Shakespeare was at the height of creative powers, and his theatrical company, the King’s Men, was the official royal acting company. He had the large Globe Theater, a large public playhouse on the south bank of the Thames. He would soon open the Blackfriars Theater, a small private theater within the city itself where the plays were performed indoors, and he and his men performed often at the court for the king and his family. The Blackfriars Theater would be exempt from the law prohibiting theaters within the City of London by being a private club. It could accommodate only a couple of hundred people, opposed to the Globe audiences of a couple of thousand, and therefore Shakespeare charged a higher price for entry. That in turn meant that the audience was wealthier and more sophisticated than the average attendee at the Globe was. Because the plays were performed indoors by artificial light, they could be done at any time or weather. Because it was a smaller theater, the acting style used could be more subtle and understated than the broad, overly dramatic acting used in the Globe before audiences of several thousand. As far as we know Shakespeare’s company continue to perform all the plays in both theaters; it’s just that the productions would have differed in the way they were performed. Once you know something of the complex historical background, a very curious fact emerges about this bloody, violent drama: the story of this psychotic killer and his fiendlike wife was actually written as a tribute to Shakespeare’s royal patron, King James I of England, who was also king of Scotland. What an unusual way to thank the king for his patronage! Of all of his plays, this is a powerful suspense thriller. We may know who the killer is, but we are fascinated to see if Macbeth gets away with it and to see how he convinces himself to commit the multiple homicides. The historical background is necessary to help you understand why Shakespeare wrote the play the way he did. Without the background there are many passages and references which make no sense to a modern audience. This background also reveals the fascinating way Shakespeare used and twisted history to make a better play and to address the political agenda of King James. It also shows some of the things going on at that time in English society and politics. Macbeth is an openly political play. Macbeth is considered a history play, based on the events in the life of a real historical figure, but it is even more a powerful tragedy. Shakespeare played fast and loose with historical fact in all his history plays, but none more so than this play. When Shakespeare wrote a play like Richard III, he was writing about events that had taken place about 100 years before, so most people in his English audience had a general sense of what that time was like. In the case of Macbeth, he was writing about a time over 500 years in the past in a country about which most of his English audience was totally unfamiliar. Shakespeare and his audience did not consider history to be a science, in which the goal was accuracy; rather history was an art, related to storytelling. The purpose of history was to make a moral point about the present society. You looked to the past to find or create parallels with the present age that would help you explain how people should behave right now. Therefore history was often manipulated, changed or simply created to support some political agenda. Every king at this time used history as a tool in his arsenal to help hang on to power. They would hire professional historians to rewrite the past to support their claim to power in the present. Similarly, religious figures would use history as a weapon to attack their opponents. In many accounts written at this time by Protestant advocates, history is seen as the rise of many proto-Protestants, people who lived hundreds of years before Martin Luther, the first official Protestant. These earlier figures are shown to be forerunners who simply didn’t realize they were Protestants. The historical sources that Shakespeare used were as much mythologies as they  are reality. Actually there was very little known about the historical Macbeth, so if the historians hadn’t made things up they wouldn’t have had much to say about him. Shakespeare’s principal source, Holinshed’s Chronicles of Scottish History, was a loose collection of gossip, tales and fantasies, so the material he was using was already seriously flawed from a historical perspective. Shakespeare then used this flawed material selectively, not telling the whole story, but only bits and pieces that made for a good drama. He altered historical records to heighten dramatic effect, as we’ll see in the dramatic account of Macbeth’s first murder. Shakespeare also changed history to simplify complexities and, quite frankly, to kiss up to King James. Shakespeare took a story supposedly set in the 11th Century, around the year 1050, and filled it with many references to events taking place in 1605 in England, in particular to one of the most dramatic events in English history, the Gunpowder Plot, which had happened just the year before. No wonder the play bears little resemblance to the historical reality. The historical Macbeth had become king in the year 1040 when he killed the previous king, Duncan, in battle. To put this in a historical context, this is hardly the Middle Ages; it’s still the Dark Ages, as historians have termed the various stages of European history. It is 26 years before the Norman invasion of England, which is generally considered to be the beginning of the medieval period in Britain. In 1040 Macbeth became king and ruled for 17 years until he was overthrown and killed by Duncan’s son, who became King Malcolm III. Malcolm is famous primarily because he married an English princess named Margaret who was later made a saint. According to the Scottish historian Archibald Duncan, little is known about Macbeth and his lovely wife Grunnich, except that they were pious and endowed a religious house at St. Andrew’s (which is probably the caddy shack on the fourth green of that famous golf course — joke). The couple went on a religious pilgrimage to Rome where, the chroniclers said, â€Å"they sowed money like seed.† (Many of us when we go on vacation do the same thing.) That’s all we know for certain about the real Macbeth. Now the fact that Macbeth killed the previous king was not a big deal. Of  the eight Scottish kings who ruled during this time, seven had died unnatural deaths, including several who burned to death until suspicious circumstances. It was highly unusual for a Scottish king to die of natural causes in bed. This violent record was largely the result of how Scottish kings came to power. There was no fixed process of succession from one king to the next. In effect, when an old king died every male who was related to the royal family, no matter how distant the relationship, had an equal chance for the throne. It was a kind of royal free-for-all with the last man standing getting to be the king until he was done in by the next ambitious claimant. Macbeth is overthrown in 1057, still nine years before the Norman French invasion of England under William the Conqueror. Two hundred years pass by. The Norman kings are on the throne of England. A succession of English kings and queens has tried to extend their power north into Scotland, as generations of Scots have raided English settlements to the south. The warfare between these two historic enemies is almost constant. In the mid-1200’s the English king Edward, also known as Longshanks and the Scots Killer, has invaded Scotland determined to subjugate it once and for all. He pushes north and reaches the holy place of Scone where the Scottish kings were crowned. Here he seizes the holy relic called the Stone of Scone and takes it back to London where he places it under his throne at Westminster Abbey, where it remained for seven centuries, despite the efforts of Scottish nationalists to steal it back. (Prime Minister Tony Blair finally returned the stone to Scotland after his election — a smart political move.) The film Braveheart gives you a highly dramatic sense of the conflict at this time between the Scots and the English. The Scots fight back unsuccessfully because they are not united in their efforts. Finally one man arises who is able to weld the Scottish people into a single nation, Robert the Bruce, and he is able to lead to a Scottish victory. The English have to acknowledge the right of the Scottish State to exist. King Edward is bitterly disappointed and when he dies, he leaves instructions that if England ever mounts a new invasion of Scotland, his bones are to be carried at the head of the army. So you see how bitter the hatred is between the two nations. Under Robert the Bruce the Scots succeed in driving the English out, but in 1329 he dies and his daughter ascends the throne. She had married a guy who was like the business manager or steward of the royal estates. Not surprisingly the guy’s name was â€Å"Steward† or as it came to be spelled, â€Å"Stuart.† And so the Scottish throne passed on to this obscure family that had never been more than civil servants. Now every royal family worried about two things: succession, or who would inherit the throne. Henry VIII had gone through five wives trying to sire a male heir to the throne and broken with the Catholic Church over the issue. The second worry was to try and keep the crown within the family against attacks on their legitimacy. So kings were always seeking ways to bolster their claim on the throne in the perception of the people. The family of Elizabeth, the Tudors, had had on-going problems in both these areas. The first Tudor, Henry VII, lost his oldest s on soon after the boy had been married to Catherine of Aragon. So as not to have to return her substantial dowry to the King of Spain, Henry VII simply married the young widow to his next son, Henry VIII, setting in motion all the turmoil of that king’s five wives. Henry’s son Edward died while still in his teens, and his daughter, who reigned as â€Å"Bloody Mary Tudor,† was unable to produce an heir. The next Tudor monarch, Elizabeth I, declined to try to have a child by refusing to marry. Her decision caused all kinds of political problems as she approached death in 1603, until she declared on her deathbed that her distant cousin, James VI of Scotland, would rule after her. The Stuart kings, by contrast, had been very prolific. By the time Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, there had been eight generations of Stuart kings on the throne of Scotland. They were the longest-surviving royal family in all of Europe. They boasted that they would remain on the throne until Doomsday. However, the Stuarts continued to worry about the public perception of their legitimacy. After all the original Stuart king had had little claim to the throne. So it was that in the early 1500’s one of the Stuart kings hired a professional historian and ordered him to create an older, more respectable connection to the throne for the Stuarts. This historian made up an ancient ancestor of the Stuarts, Banquo, who lived clear back in the time of old King Macbeth. This Banquo, a thane or nobleman, was told by goddesses of Scottish destiny that his descendents would eventually become kings of Scotland. These goddesses were  given special powers to look into the future of the Scottish nation. So the Stuarts had a mystical claim on the throne for several hundred years before they actually were crowned. This Banquo was a completely fictional character that the historian/PR guy simply made up. Not surprisingly this character and the prediction of his descendant’s rise to power figure prominently in the play. Queen Elizabeth’s grandfather, Henry VII, had used history in just the same manipulative manner. After he defeated and killed the rightful king, Richard III, in 1485, he hired a number of â€Å"professional† historians to do a hatchet job on poor old Richard. They â€Å"proved† that he was not the legitimate king and was in fact a monster who deserved to die so the Tudors could take power. In the mid-1500’s Scotland was ruled by Mary, Queen of Scots, a distant cousin of Elizabeth I. Mary has come down in history as a kind of romantic figure, but in reality she was not nearly as sympathetic. She was a Catholic trying to rule a land that was fiercely Presbyterian, and she was not very adept at the politics of power. Plus she had the unfortunate habit of blowing up the castles where her estranged husband was staying. She was finally driven out of Scotland and fled to England where she was given asylum by Elizabeth. Rather than being content and grateful for her cousin’s kindness, she began almost immediately plotting with malcontents to overthrow Elizabeth. She let it be known that if the Catholic minority in England was able to get rid of the queen, she would graciously accept the crown. Elizabeth tried to ignore the threats and then tried to confine Mary in an isolated country home where she could cause less trouble. But Mary persisted in her plots. Finally Elizabeth is forced to stop Mary’s intrigues by having her beheaded Now when Mary fled from Scotland she left her infant son, James, and he was crowned James VI and ruled throughout his childhood. Poor James was manipulated and used by the powerful men who had custody of the young king. He learned to be very slippery and deceitful in order to survive to adulthood. In one of the great ironies of history, when Elizabeth faces  death she bequeaths the English throne to the son of her mortal enemy, Mary, Queen of Scots. James was finally able to escape from Edinburgh and the clutches of the Presbyterian elders and go to the sinful city of London, the Las Vegas of that age. In 1603 James is crowned James I of England and becomes a dual monarch. A few months later he names Shakespeare’s company the King’s Men, the royal dramatic company. The company has royal protection from local authorities and they make a great of money performing all the plays Shakespeare had written for the court. It’s no wonder that Shakespeare felt compelled to write a tribute to his royal patron, Macbeth. As I said earlier, it’s an odd play to be a tribute to a Scottish king, but then Shakespeare made a career out of doing the unusual. Now as Shakespeare pays tribute to James, he also wants to support James’ political agenda. England and Scotland had been historic enemies, but now they were governed by the same monarch, and he wanted to unite them into a single kingdom. In several plays written before 1603 Shakespeare used the Scots as convenient ethnic targets. (We see this Scots-bashing in Merchant of Venice and Henry V.) After 1603 it became politically incorrect to take potshots at the Scots. Although James and the other Stuarts wanted a United Kingdom, it would take over 100 years for England and Scotland to merge into a single political entity. To advance the king’s agenda, Shakespeare wrote the play in a certain way. He created and emphasized commonality between the two kingdoms. He was also careful not to show Banquo, the king’s mythical ancestor, in a bad light. Rather than being actively involved in overthrowing King Duncan, Banquo just stands around and waits for Fate to fulfill the prophecy of his family’s future greatness. (In Holinshed’s account Banquo had been an active participant in Duncan’s overthrow and death.) Having set up the story of the Stuart family’s rise to power, Shakespeare shift gears and makes the homicidal maniac Macbeth the protagonist of the play. The other political event which shaped the composition of the play was the criminal conspiracy to assassinate James, his family and most of the Protestant leadership of England in the Gunpowder Plot. This took place in early November of 1605, when a group of Catholic extremists planned to blow  up the Houses of Parliament on the occasion of a speech by the king to Parliament. There had been a long history of hostility between the Catholics and Protestants in England through the 1500’s, especially during the time of Elizabeth. Catholics considered her an illegitimate ruler and a bastard because she was the child of King Henry VIII’s second wife, after the illegal divorce. The film Elizabeth, with Cate Blanchett, gives you a good sense of the conflict in this time with the Catholic side being represented by the Pope and Queen Mary. By contrast with Catholic intransigence, Elizabeth is shown to be much more humane and tolerant. She had seen too much bloodshed over religious differences. She did not much mind what people’s private beliefs were as long as they avoided public display of religious heresies. So under Elizabeth it was not illegal to be a Catholic, unlike Mary Tudor’s persecution of Protestant dissenters; it was just illegal to perform a Catholic mass in public. Understandably Catholics chafed under the restrictions of Elizabeth’s rule and believed that a strong Catholic monarch could bring England forcibly back to the Catholic faith. When Elizabeth died in 1603 many Catholics hoped their persecution would end with James. After all, his own mother had been a Catholic. However, that belief ignored the fact that James had been raised as a Presbyterian, not a Catholic. Also he found Elizabeth’s principle of allowing private faith a good compromise. And so the more militant Catholics plotted to fill the basement of Parliament with gunpowder and at the critical moment blow i t up. Now this plot was the 17th Century equivalent of 9/11 or the harebrained scheme of Timothy McVey to blow up the federal building in Oklahoma City. The plot was discovered at the last minute. According to the official account released at the time the king himself, with the help of God, covered the plan. He was shown some intercepted messages which referred to â€Å"strike a blow† for the cause and realized that â€Å"blow† could mean an explosion and ordered the building searched. The effect of the discovery on England was electric, traumatic. In a flash the country realized how close they had come to disaster. As the conspirators were arrested, tortured, confessed and were executed more details came out. English society was changed in ways that are still visible today. For example to this day on November 5, the day the plot was discovered, called Guy Fawkes Day, children throughout  Britain collect money in the neighborhood to buy fireworks to set off and burn a wooden effigy called â€Å"the Old Guy† in honor of Guy Fawkes, one of the principal conspirators. The revelation of the plot did not ease the pl ight of Catholics, who were forbidden the vote or the ability to serve in Parliament. One of the other conspirators turned out to be a secret Jesuit priest named Henry Garnett. Although it was illegal to perform the mass, the Jesuits recruited young courageous English Catholics, trained them in France and smuggled them back into England to perform as priests. Garnett was the confessor of several of the other conspirators and he was detained in the initial investigation. The authorities suspected he was a priest and they asked him under oath if he knew anything about the plot. He denied any knowledge. Subsequent suspects were arrested and they revealed that Garnett had known about the plan and had advised the conspirators on what to do. He was arrested again, questioned and this time he admitted that he did know about the plot. When confronted with his earlier perjury under oath, Garnett explained that as a Jesuit he was not required to tell the authorities what they wanted to know. In defense of his own faith he had not lied under oath; he had simply equivocated. That simply meant he had not told the whole truth and had played fast and loose with the terminology, a lot like a former president testifying under a threat of impeachment. This aspect of the scandal was in some respects the most shocking for the public because he seemed to cast the Jesuits as sneaky, lying shock troops of the Pope who would commit any sin to further their own cause. And so the concept of â€Å"equivocation† became infamous, a kind of shorthand reference to the evil behind the plot. It was so shocking that the legal oath Englishmen took when they testified in court was changed at that time to include the provision that the oath was taken â€Å"without equivocation† to cover any future Garnetts. That provision continued in the English legal system down to the twentieth century. Both the celebration of Guy Fawkes Day and the legal oath demonstrate how traumatic the Gunpowd er Plot was on English society. A lot of popular works were written at this time which refer to the details of the plot, including at least three plays called Gunpowder dramas. One was called The Whore of Babylon all about the Pope leading a black mass to call  forth Satan to engineer the assassination of Queen Elizabeth. The second play was called The Devil’s Charter which traces the efforts of the evils Catholics to engineer the assassination of an English ruler. The third play was Macbeth, according to noted author Garry Wills. In the plays the Jesuits are linked to witchcraft. This was not the first attempt on King James’ life; he had survived three earlier assassination attempts. (One reason James may have been able to uncover the plot so quickly is that he had had lots of experience,) The would-be assassins were subsequently tried as witches. In another related case a plot was uncovered to kill James’ bride, a princess of Denmark. A group of accused witches from a town called Forres, mentioned in the play, had disapproved of James marrying a foreigner, and so the charmed the winds and caused a major storm on the North Sea to try and sink the ship bringing the Danish bride to Scotland. As in the other cases the plotters were arrested, tortured, confessed and were executed. As a result of his experiences and his own interest in the occult, James fancied himself an expert and had written a book called Daemonology, all about Scottish witches. In the first two Gunpowder plays listed above it is a male witch that is behind the plots to kill the English monarch. What Shakespeare does in his play is to take the â€Å"goddesses of Scottish destiny† that he had read about in Holinshed and change them into very unusual witches, in keeping with the interest of the principal person for whom he was writing the play, King James.

Review of Accounting Ethics Essay

Establishing principles for ethical behavior frequently starts with a policy on ethics. Businesses acquire a policy on ethics to guide their measures and to set up a general meaning of correct versus incorrect. According to the American Library Association, code of ethics is a handbook for suitable behavior (2012). Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, assess whether or not you believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. Provide support for your answer Existing businesses and regulatory environment is more conductive behavior because some companies and managers feel as though they can get away with it. The unpredictable increase and collapse of the Enron Company set off a long-burning fire under the American social conscience. From every crevasse and corner, voices rose demanding increased accountability, demanding tighter regulation, and demanding that the unethical be brought to justice. Clearly, in such estimation, those at fault should have been punished. In order for ethical principles to apply to such industries, it must be shown that they are inherently moral or ethically responsible institutions. Secondly, an adequate discussion of what business ethics is just be provided before we can truly investigate why the situation does not conform to those standards. Third, the role of those same ethical standards must be explained with business content. Fourth, recent societal preventative measures for unethical practice should be examined (SOX). Fifth, and finally, the contribution of philosophical trends and the current phislophical mood of society must be investigated in order to delve into the mindsets of those who perpetrate such acts as society seeks to condemn. at the very beginning it is important to make the following distraction: despite the fact most of society views business as a whole, including executives as inherently dishonest, accountants and business p ersons are not inherently more likely to choose immorality over ethical behavior than any other segment of society (De Vois, 2002). Based on your research, describe the organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach. Best Buy Chairman and founder Richard Schulze exited Monday after directors determined he used poor judgment for failing to disclose CEO Brian Dunn’s personal relationship with a young subordinate, a violation of company ethics that led to Dunn’s  departure last month. In light of these revelations, Schulze ‘acted inappropriately,’ by failing to bring the matter to the company’s audit committee. While Best Buy made it clear that Dunn did not use the company’s resources to facilitate his relationship with the female employee, the internal probe found that Dunn’s behavior showed ‘extremely poor judgment and a lack of professionalism. Determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create an ethical environment. In April, Dunn abruptly decided to call it quits as the Richfield, Minnesota-based company further investigated his relationship with the subordinate employee. The internal probe was initiated by the firm’s audit committee and completed by an outside law firm. Dunn is expected to walk away with a severance package worth up to $6.6 million from the embattled consumer electronics chain. There is still no word on who will succeed him. Schulze said in a statement that when he questioned Dunn about his actions, they were denied and now he accepts the audit committee findings. Analyze the accounts impacted and/or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation. According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, within the previous three years, there has numerous businesses and audit organizations that has been held responsible for violation of accounting ethics and other monetary irregularities for rebelliousness of disclosure standards (2012). Richard Schulze, creator and chairman, neglected to take action in a method that was standard with the audit committee’s permission and excellent gove rnance procedures and he produced serious possibilities of employee revenge and corporation liability. The best news for shareholders is that the board of directors at Best Buy and HP took major steps to look after the shareholders. The board members that observe CEOs make uncertain ethical decisions, should not hang around to decide if there is an accounting violation to make alterations. As a CFO, recommend which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be implemented in the future. For the worthy of the business, and for the worthy of anyone’s career, it is very significant to stay away from ethical problems and equally, to act morally (Smith, 2003). Mangers and/or supervisors should be a model to the actions they want their employees to obtain. The company’s staff will observe how the managers perform and they  will perform the same exact manner. When corporations create a code of conduct, they need to make sure that they live up to it as well. As a member of staff of any company, CFO choices or events should progress the wellbeing of that business. At particular times, CFO’s could be in a situation where their judgment might influence their own wellbeing as well. On the other hand, to stay away from any form of bad behavior, CFO’s may perhaps reveal the nature of their connection to the corporation. As a result, ethics play a very important role in each choice an accountant has to obtain as it involves every investor who places their unsighted belief on the accountant to make the right decisions. Principles has to be very clear by hopeful accountants in such a approach that it combines with their ethical growth which will allow them to acquire the most excellent ethical choices in the future. It really comes down to individuals’ ethical responsibility to sustain their own honesty and increase public assurance by illustrating clearness in the shape of the ethical measures being pursued. References Code of Ethics of the American Library Association. (2012). American Library Association. Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www.ala.org. De Vous, P. (2002). Recovering the vocation of business. Acton Institute. Retrieved November 1, 2012, from www.acton.org. Smith, Deborah. (2003). 10 Ways Companies Can Avoid Frequent Ethical Pitfalls. American Psychological Association. Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www.apa.org. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). Retrieved November 1, 2012, from http://www.sec.gov.

Prepositions in Spanish

Prepositions in Spanish On the one hand, prepositions in Spanish are easy to understand, because they usually function in almost the same way as they do in English. On the other, prepositions are one of the most challenging aspects of using Spanish, because it is not always easy to remember one to use. A simple and very common preposition such as en can be translated not only as in, the most common translation, but also as to, by, and about, among others. What Are Prepositions in Spanish? A preposition is a type of word that is used to form a phrase; the phrase in turn functions as an adjective or adverb. In both English and Spanish, a preposition is followed by an object, which is a noun  or a word that functions as a noun.  (Sometimes in English a preposition can appear at the end of a sentence, but that cant be  done in Spanish.) Lets look at a couple of sample sentences to see how the preposition relates its object to other parts of a sentence. English: I (subject) am going (verb) to (preposition) the store (prepositional object).Spanish: Yo (subject) voy (verb) a (preposition) la tienda (prepositional object). In the above sentence the phrase to the store or a la tienda forms a phrase that functions as an adverb that complements the verb. Here is an example of a prepositional phrase that functions as an adjective: English: I (subject) see (verb) the shoe (direct object) under (preposition) the table (prepositional object).Spanish: Yo (subject) veo (verb) el zapato (direct object) bajo (preposition) la mesa (prepositional object). Common Spanish Prepositions Like English, Spanish has a few dozen prepositions. The following list shows the most common ones along with some of the most common meanings and some short sample sentences. A preposition that consists of two words is sometimes known as a compound preposition. a - to, at, by means of. Vamos a la ciudad. (We are going to the city.)Vengo a las tres. (I am coming at 3.)Viajamos a pie. We are traveling by foot. antes de - before. Leo antes de dormirme. (I read before going to sleep.) bajo - under, underneath. El perro est bajo la mesa. (The dog is under the table.) cerca de - near. El perro est cerca de la mesa. (The dog is near the table.) con - with. Voy con à ©l. (I am going with him.)Me gustarà ­a queso con la hamburguesa. (I would like cheese with the hamburger.) contra - against. Estoy contra la huelga. (I am against the strike.) de - of, from, indicating possession. El sombrero es hecho de papel. The hat is made of paper.Soy de Nueva York. (Im from New York.)Prefiero el carro de Juan. (I prefer Juans car. I prefer the car of Juan.) delante de - in front of. Mi carro est delante de la casa. (My car is in front of the house.) dentro de - inside, inside of. El perro est dentro de la jaula. (The dog is inside the cage.) desde - since, from. No comà ­ desde ayer. (I havent eaten since yesterday.)Tirà ³ el bà ©isbol desde la ventana. He threw the baseball from the window. despuà ©s de - after. Comemos despuà ©s de la clase. (We are eating after class.) detrs de - behind. El perro est detrs de la mesa. (The dog is behind the table.) durante - during. Dormimos durante la clase. (We slept during the class.) en - in, on. Ella est en Nueva York. (She is in New York.)El perro est en la mesa. (The dog is on the table.) encima de - on top of. El gato est encima de la casa. (The cat is on top of the house.) enfrente de - in front of. El perro est enfrente de la mesa. (The dog is in front of the table.) entre - between, among. El perro est entre la mesa y el sof. (The dog is between the table and the sofa.)Andemos entre los rboles. (Lets walk among the trees.) fuera de - outside, outside of. El perro est fuera de la casa. (The dog is outside of the house.) hacia - toward. Caminamos hacia la escuela. (We are walking toward the school.) hasta - until, as far has. Duermo hasta las seis. (Im sleeping until 6.)Viajamos hasta la ciudad. (We are traveling as far as the city.) para - for, in order to. El regalo es para usted. (The gift is for you.)Trabajo para ser rico. (I work in order to be rich.) por - for, by, per. Damos gracias por la comida. (We give thanks for the meal.)Fue escrito por Juan. (It was written by Juan.)El peso cotiza a 19.1 por dà ³lar. (The peso is quoted at 19.1 per dollar.) segà ºn - according to. Segà ºn mi madre va a nevar. (According to my mother it is going to snow.) sin - without. Voy sin à ©l. (I am going without him.) sobre - over, about (in the sense of concerning). Se cayà ³ sobre la silla. (He fell over the chair.)Es un programa sobre el presidente. (Its a program about the president.) tras - after, behind. Caminaban uno tras otro. (They walked one after the other. They walked one behind the other.)

The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History

The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History The American civil war has generated intense debates regarding its causes and potential impacts. The war which took place between 1861 and 1865 has been cited as one of the earliest industrial wars in history.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The war was a result of various issues so tracing back to the American colonization. The American civil war was one of the major turning points in American history and is responsible in shaping the modern America. During the period after the American Revolution, slavery was deeply engrained in the American society. In the southern states, slaves were considered an important part of life as they provided valuable labor in the agricultural fields. However, many Americans viewed slavery as the â€Å"greatest evil in the American society† (Foner, 438) and a practice that went again st the Declaration of Independence. Several groups joined together and started the antislavery movement in the 1780s. However, this movement did not have a huge impact mainly due to the need to preserve national unity. During this period, the country was divided into two regions. The Mason Dixon line separated the Northeast, New England and Midwest from the Southern states (Foner, 250). The Northern states were enjoying a fast paced growth in economy from commerce, mining, transportation and industry. Slavery was also outlawed in the areas north of the Border States. The economy of the southern states was however fueled by the plantation system that relied heavily on slave labor. The south had fewer industries and manufacturing plants. The politics and economy of the south was controlled by slave owners. The southern plantation owners viewed slave as properties and as such it was their constitutional rights to own slaves and to deal with them as they saw fit. The constitutional conv ention of 1787 was characterized by intense debates on the three-fifths clauses and the 20 year extension of the African slave trade (Foner, 258). The three-fifths clause granted the southerners more representation in government hence granted them more power in controlling national affairs. This created sectional tension as both the North and the South tried to gain more territories in order to increase their influence in the House of Representatives. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 banned slavery on the Northwest Territory thus dividing the country into two, a southern region where slavery was legal, and a northern area where slavery was abolished.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the different position both Northern and Southern states had taken, sectional tension increased with the possibility of violence being heightened. In 1819, Congressman Tallmadge proposed amend ments that would admit Missouri into the Union as a free state (Foner, 363). At the time, the country was equally divided with both the north and the south having 11 states. The Tallmadge amendments failed to pass the senate leading to a crisis on whether Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. The compromise of 1820 was enacted in order to solve this crisis by admitting Maine as a Free State and Missouri as a slave state. Slavery was also banned in the territories acquired from the Louisiana Purchase North and West of the 36-30 Missouri line (Foner, 364). The institution of the gag rule prevented discussion of slavery issues in congress from 1835-1844. The Mexican-American war that began on 1846 however intensified the slavery debate. The acquisition of new territories as a result of the war led to deep divisions within the nation and was largely responsible for pushing the nation towards conflict. After the war, the Wilmot proviso was passed in order to ban slavery from all t erritories acquired from Mexico (Foner, 475). The Proviso failed to pass the senate mainly due to the influence southern states had at the time. During this time, the popular sovereignty act was also proposed in which each state was given the power to decide whether or not slavery should be allowed. These bills led to increased debates and the chances that the nation was headed for a war increased dramatically. In order to relieve this tension, the compromise of 1850 was passed (Foner, 477). The compromise that was composed of 5 bills was credited for postponing the civil war for a decade. The Fugitive States act contained within the compromise however resulted as a point of controversy and ignited further conflicts While slavery remained the main source of arguments between the North and the south, the economy differences between the two also played a major role. The cotton plantations of the south generated over 70% of the world’s cotton supply. The cotton gin invented in 1 793 improved cotton harvesting hence more cotton could be harvested. This resulted in the strengthening of King Cotton as the main source of economic prosperity of the south. This led to the need for more slaves in order to capitalize on the potential profits (Foner, 531). While the south remained mainly agricultural, the northern states were developing industries, transportation systems and mechanized agricultural systems. The industrial North formed a business partnership with the agrarian Midwest at the expense of the south. The economy of the two northern regions prospered while the monoculture agricultural system of the south suffered due to poor agricultural practices and restrictions on slavery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Kansas-Nebraska act introduced in 1854 repelled the Missouri compromise and ignited protest in the Northern states. The act was intended to open more territories for agriculture and proposed popular sovereignty as a mean of solving slavery issues. Soon after its implementation, the Dred Scotts decision was passed which stated that slavery was legal in any part of the country even if the majority of the citizens were against slavery. This decision fueled more protests in the North as most people saw this as a means to force slavery in the Northern States (Foner, 488). The Lincoln-Douglas debates held in 1858 led to further stratification of the country. The Southerners were suspicious of Lincoln as he was mainly anti-slavery and his ascension to power would result in the demise of slavery. With the election of Lincoln, several states left the Union to form the confederacy an act that made armed conflict inevitable. The American Civil war took place between 1861 and 1865 resulting in numerous deaths and loss of property worth millions. However, many scholars agree th at the war was responsible in shaping the modern America and many advantages that are being enjoyed currently could not have been achieved had the war not taken place. The war was responsible in increasing the American military strength. During the war, many people joined the army thus increasing the size of the American armed forces. The war also resulted in the formation of the United States of America. The confederacy was disbanded and all states were united under one leadership, one flag and one president. The civil war was also responsible for the end of slavery. Congress approved the 13th Amendment on January 31, 1865 thereby abolishing slavery in America (Foner, 540). Although racialism persisted in America, the civil war created the foundation in which racialism would soon come to an end. The war also led to the strengthening of the American economy. Political and economic power shifted from the South to the North and America became a capitalist country. The economy relied m ore on industrial development and America was on its way to become a military and economic superpower. The American Civil war was caused by deep divisions that existed between the Northern and Southern states. The slavery issue was undeniably the main cause of the tensions that existed between the North and the South. The northerners viewed slavery as a moral sin while the Southerners viewed slavery as an essential part of their lives. In order to suppress tensions between the North and South, various compromises were enacted. However these compromises were ineffective and generated more problems than the solved. In 1861, America was plunged into a war that lasted for four years. The war marked the rise of a new united country in which slavery was abolished. The military and economic strength of the new country was also improved which would make America the greatest superpower in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foner, Eric. Give me Liberty! New York: Norton and Company